剑桥雅思15阅读Test3Passage2原文翻译

Desolenator是一台移动的淡化设备，可以从海洋、河流、井水和雨水等不同来源获取水，将其净化为可供人类饮用的水。该设备特别适用于天然地下水受到污染或海水是唯一的水源的地区。它以不需要外部电源、只需阳光即可运作的特点为卖点，并能每天产生15升饮用水。Desolenator的目标用户广泛，包括发展中国家无供水的家庭和美国农村地区无电网的居民。预计该设备的首批商用版本将在印度投入使用，并计划在未来几年内在人道主义领域销售大约每月1000台设备。该设备在发展中国家以小额信贷支付或租赁的方式进行销售，而在发达国家主要面向无自来水的特定市场。Desolenator的价格根据购买地区而有所差异，同时该公司注重社会使命，希望能够为发展中国家带来可持续的清洁水源解决方案。

A部分

Travelling around Thailand in the 1990s, William Janssen was impressed with the basic rooftop solar heating systems that were on many homes, where energy from the sun was absorbed by a plate and then used to heat water for domestic use. Two decades later Janssen developed that basic idea he saw in Southeast Asia into a portable device that uses the power from the sun to purify water.

在20世纪90年代环游泰国时，威廉·詹森对许多家庭普遍使用的基本屋顶太阳能加热系统印象深刻。这些系统利用太阳能将能量吸收到一个板上，然后用于加热家庭用水。二十年后，詹森将他在东南亚看到的这个基本想法发展成一种使用太阳能来净化水的便携设备。

B部分

The Desolenator operates as a mobile desalination unit that can take water from different places, such as the sea, rivers, boreholes and rain, and purify it for human consumption. It is particularly valuable in regions where natural groundwater reserves have been polluted, or where seawater is the only water source available.

Janssen saw that there was a need for a sustainable way to clean water in both the developing and the developed countries when he moved to the United Arab Emirates and saw large-scale water processing. ‘I was confronted with the enormous carbon footprint that the Gulf nations have because of all of the desalination that they do,’ he says.

Desolenator是一种移动式海水淡化设备，可以将来自不同地方（如海洋、河流、钻井和雨水）的水净化为可供人类消费的水。它在天然地下水储量被污染或者海水是唯一的水源可用的地区尤其有价值。

詹森在移居阿拉伯联合酋长国后看到大规模的水处理厂时意识到，在发展中国家和发达国家都需要一种可持续的清洁水源的方法。他说：“我面对着海湾国家因他们进行的所有淡化水处理而产生的巨大碳足迹。”

C部分

The Desolenator can produce 15 litres of drinking water per day, enough to sustain a family for cooking and drinking. Its main selling point is that unlike standard desalination techniques, it doesn’t require a generated power supply: just sunlight. It measures 120 cm by 90 cm, and is easy to transport, thanks to its two wheels. Water enters through a pipe, and flows as a thin film between a sheet of double glazing and the surface of a solar panel, where it is heated by the sun. The warm water flows into a small boiler (heated by a solar-powered battery) where it is converted to steam. When the steam cools, it becomes distilled water. The device has a very simple filter to trap particles, and this can easily be shaken to remove them. There are two tubes for liquid coming out: one for the waste – salt from seawater, fluoride, etc. – and another for the distilled water. The performance of the unit is shown on an LCD screen and transmitted to the company which provides servicing when necessary.

Desolenator每天可以产生15升饮用水，足以为烹饪和饮用提供一家人的需要。它的主要卖点在于，与传统的海水淡化技术不同，它不需要外部电源，只需要阳光。设备尺寸为120厘米×90厘米，由于有两个轮子，便于携带。水通过一根管子进入设备，并在夹层玻璃板和太阳能面板的表面之间形成薄膜流动，在太阳的照射下受热。温水流入一个小锅炉（由太阳能电池加热），在那里转化为蒸汽。当蒸汽冷却后，变成蒸馏水。设备配有一个非常简单的过滤器，用于捕捉颗粒物，可以轻松地晃动以清除颗粒物。设备有两个出液管道：一个用于废物（来自海水的盐、氟化物等），另一个用于蒸馏水。设备的性能显示在液晶屏上，并在需要时传输给提供维护服务的公司。

D部分

A recent analysis found that at least two-thirds of the world’s population lives with severe water scarcity for at least a month every year. Janssen says that by 2030 half of the world’s population will be living with water stress – where the demand exceeds the supply over a certain period of time. ‘It is really important that a sustainable solution is brought to the market that is able to help these people’, he says. Many countries ‘don’t have the money for desalination plants, which are very expensive to build. They don’t have the money to operate them, they are very maintenance intensive, and they don’t have the money to buy the diesel to run the desalination plants, so it is a really bad situation.’

最近的一项分析发现，全球至少有三分之二的人口在每年至少有一个月面临严重的水资源匮乏问题。詹森说，到2030年，全球一半人口将面临水资源紧缺的问题，即需求超过一定时间内的供应。他说：“有必要将可持续的解决方案带到市场上，以帮助这些人。”许多国家“没有资金建设非常昂贵的淡化水处理厂；没有资金运营它们，它们需要进行大量维护，也没有资金购买柴油来运行淡化水处理厂，所以情况非常糟糕。”

E部分

The device is aimed at a wide variety of users – from homeowners in the developing world who do not have a constant supply of water to people living off the grid in rural parts of the US. The first commercial versions of the Desolenator are expected to be in operation in India early next year, after field tests are carried out. The market for the self-sufficient devices in developing countries is twofold – those who cannot afford the money for the device outright and pay through microfinance, and middle-income homes that can lease their own equipment. ‘People in India don’t pay for a fridge outright; they pay for it over six months. They would put the Desolenator on their roof and hook it up to their municipal supply and they would get very reliable drinking water on a daily basis,’ Janssen says. In the developed world, it is aimed at niche markets where tap water is unavailable – for camping, on boats, or for the military, for instance.

该设备面向各种用户，从发展中国家没有持续供水的家庭，到美国农村地区与电网隔绝的居民。Desolenator的首批商用版本预计明年初将在印度投入使用，经过现场测试后。这种自给自足的设备在发展中国家的市场分为两个方面：一是那些无法一次性支付设备费用的人，可以通过小额信贷进行支付；二是中等收入家庭可以租赁自己的设备。詹森称：“在印度，人们不会一次性购买冰箱；他们会在六个月内支付。他们会把Desolenator安装在屋顶上，将其连接到市政供水系统，每天得到非常可靠的饮用水。”在发达国家，该设备主要面向无自来水的小众市场，例如露营、船只或军队。

F部分

Prices will vary according to where it is bought. In the developing world, the price will depend on what deal aid organisations can negotiate. In developed countries, it is likely to come in at $1,000 (￡685) a unit, said Janssen. ‘We are a venture with a social mission. We are aware that the product we have envisioned is mainly finding application in the developing world and humanitarian sector and that this is the way we will proceed. We do realise, though, that to be a viable company there is a bottom line to keep in mind,’ he says.

价格将根据购买地区而有所不同。在发展中国家，价格将取决于援助机构能够谈判的交易。在发达国家，预计价格将为每单位1000美元（685英镑）。詹森表示：“我们是一家注重社会使命的公司。我们意识到我们设想中的产品主要适用于发展中国家和人道主义领域，这是我们的发展方向。然而，我们也意识到作为一家可行的公司，需要考虑到底线。”

G部分

The company itself is based at Imperial College London, although Janssen, its chief executive, still lives in the UAE. It has raised ￡340,000 in funding so far. Within two years, he says, the company aims to be selling 1,000 units a month, mainly in the humanitarian field. They are expected to be sold in areas such as Australia, northern Chile, Peru, Texas and California.

该公司设在伦敦帝国理工学院，但首席执行官詹森仍居住在阿拉伯联合酋长国。到目前为止，该公司已筹集了34万英镑的资金。他表示，公司计划在两年内每月销售1000台设备，主要用于人道主义领域。预计将在澳大利亚、智利北部、秘鲁、德克萨斯州和加利福尼亚州等地销售这些设备。