What is positive and Normative Statements?
Positive statements
Descriptive
Usually acceptable to all economists
Usually use data and empirical evidence,
Example:
The inflation rate in 1999 is 2.5 per cent;
The Quantity Theory of Money can be used to explain why inflation occurs in an economy.
The Index of Retail Price of UK in 1986 is 103.4
正面陈述
描述性
通常为所有经济学家所接受
通常使用数据和经验证据,
例子:
1999年通货膨胀率为2.5%;
货币数量论可以用来解释为什么一个经济体会发生通货膨胀。
1986年英国零售价格指数为103.4
Normative statements
Involves value judgement
Often drawn from the economist’s personal views, political beliefs and ethics.
Example:
The government should cut fuel tax to reduce the rate of inflation;
Public sector workers should reduce their demands for higher wages
规范性声明
涉及价值判断
通常来自经济学家的个人观点、政治信仰和伦理。
例子:
政府应削减燃油税以降低通货膨胀率;
公共部门工人应减少对更高工资的要求
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